Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically; why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physic in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.

 

5. According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because

   (A) intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophy

   (B) early scientists were more interested in the physical world

   (C) scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obvious

   (D) the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations

   (E) people generally seem to be more attracted to literary than to scientific writings about human relations

 

6. The author's statement that "Psychology holds a unique position among the sciences" (lines 8 - 9) is supported by which of the following claims in the passage?

   (A) The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious.

   (B) Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisive.

   (C) Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciencesis relatively advanced.

   (D) Subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research.

   (E) Psychological facts are too imprecise to lead to great discoveries.

 

7. According to the passage, an understanding of the self can be

   (A) highly biased due to unconscious factors

   (B) profound even when vaguely conceived

   (C) improved by specialized training

   (D) irrelevant for understanding human relations

   (E) more reliable than knowledge about other people

 

8. It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding people who lived before the advent of scientific psychology?

   (A) Their understanding of human relations was quite limited.

   (B) They were uninterested in acquiring knowledge of the physical world.

   (C) They misunderstood others more frequently than do people today.

   (D) Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated.

   (E) They were more likely to hold pleasing illusions about themselves than are people today.

 

9. The author implies that attempts to treat human relations scientifically have thus far been relatively

   (A) unilluminating

   (B) paradoxical

   (C) pessimistic

   (D) encouraging

   (E) uninterpretable

 

10. The author refers to people who are attracted to "pessimistic, debunking writings" (lines 64 - 65) in order to support which of the following ideas?

    (A) Interesting books about human relations are typically pessimistic.

    (B) People tend to ignore scientific explanations of human relations.

    (C) People rarely hold pleasing illusions about themselves.

    (D) A scientific approach human relations would undermine the pleasing illusions people hold of themselves.

    (E) It is doubtful that the science of human relations developed slowly because of a desire to maintain pleasing illusions.

 

11. It can be inferred that the author assumes that commonsense knowledge of human relations is

    (A) equally well developed among all adults within a given society

    (B) considerably more accurate in some societies than in others

    (C) biased insofar as it is based on myths and folk-tales

    (D) typically unrelated to an individual's interactions with other people

    (E) usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others

 

    Analyzing the physics of dance can add fundamentally to a dancer's skill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical terms — as body mass moving through space under the influence of well-known forces and obeying physical laws — neither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then start turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement. Some movements involving primarily vertical or horizontal motions of the body as a whole, in which rotations can be ignored, can be studied using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions.

    However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the body's mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces that produce the rotational movement.

 

第一段

第二段

第一题

(A)  debate  需要两种观点

(B)

(C)

(E)

第二题

排除法

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

答案是 (E)

第三题

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

答案是 (B)

第四题

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

答案是 (C)